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300m 级特高拱坝建设关键技术与实践

王仁坤

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第3期页码 350-359 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.03.012

摘要：

中国于2000 年成功建设二滩拱坝( 高240 m）以来，至2014 年年底已建成7 座坝高超过200 m 的特高拱坝，其中锦屏一级拱坝（高305 m）、小湾拱坝（高294.5 m）、溪洛渡拱坝（高285.5 m）不仅坝高达300 m 级，而且因地质条件复杂，水推力巨大，抗震要求高，在安全控制技术等方面取得了新的突破。本文主要阐述300 m 级特高拱坝的基础可利用岩体及合理建基面、体形优化设计、安全设计准则、抗震研究与抗震措施、复杂地基的典型处理、混凝土及施工期温控防裂等关键技术。

关键词：特高拱坝优化设计整体安全抗震安全混凝土温控

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CC@BCN@PANI core-shell nanoarrays as ultra-high cycle stability cathode for Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 555-566 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0882-8

摘要： Exploring cathode materials that combine excellent cycling stability and high energy density poses a challenge to aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs). Herein, polyaniline (PANI) coated boron-carbon-nitrogen (BCN) nanoarray on carbon cloth surface is prepared as advanced cathode materials via simple high-temperature calcination and electrochemical deposition methods. Because of the excellent specific capacity and conductivity of PANI, the CC@BCN@PANI core-shell nanoarrays cathode shows an excellent ion storage capability. Moreover, the 3D nanoarray structure can provide enough space for the volume expansion and contraction of PANI in the charging/discharging cycles, which effectively avoids the collapse of the microstructure and greatly improves the electrochemical stability of PANI. Therefore, the CC@BCN@PANI-based ZHSCs exhibit superior electrochemical performances showing a specific capacity of 145.8 mAh/g, a high energy density of 116.78 Wh/kg, an excellent power density of 12 kW/kg, and a capacity retention rate of 86.2% after 8000 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 2 A/g. In addition, the flexible ZHSCs (FZHSCs) also show a capacity retention rate of 87.7% at the current density of 2 A/g after 450 cycles.

关键词： CC@BCN@PANI cathode Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor core-shell nanoarrays high energy density ultra-high cycle stability

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Numerical simulation of damage in high arch dam due to earthquake

Hong ZHONG , Gao LIN , Hongjun LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 316-322 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0039-9

摘要： Based on the assumption that concrete is macroscopic homogeneous, the cracking evolution process and damage mode of high arch dams are studied in consideration of the heterogeneity of concrete in mesoscale. The bilinear damage evolution model and the damage evolution model expressed in power function with descending section are adopted to combine with the Mohr-Coulomb criterion to investigate the crack development and fracture mode of high arch dams under the action of an earthquake. The analysis result of a high arch dam in China under design shows that cracks that take place in concrete are caused by excessive tensile stress. The cracks initiate at the middle of the dam top and distribute at the upper half of the dam while the rest of the parts remain intact. This conclusion agrees with the model test result.

关键词： mesoscopic heterogeneity damage simulation in earthquakes arch dam

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Behavior and strength of headed stud shear connectors in ultra-high performance concrete of composite

Jianan QI, Yuqing HU, Jingquan WANG, Wenchao LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期页码 1138-1149 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0542-6

摘要： This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the static behavior of headed stud shear connectors in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) of composite bridges. Four push-out specimens were tested. It was found that no cracking, crushing or splitting was observed on the concrete slab, indicating that UHPC slab exhibited good performance and could resist the high force transferred from the headed studs. The numerical and experimental results indicated that the shear capacity is supposed to be composed of two parts stud shank shear contribution and concrete wedge block shear contribution. The stiffness increment of a stud in UHPC was at least 60% higher than that in normal strength concrete. Even if the stud height was reduced from 6 to 2 , there was no reduction in the shear strength of a stud. Short stud shear connectors with an aspect ratio as small as 2 could develop full strength in UHPC slabs. An empirical load-slip equation taking into account stud diameter was proposed to predict the load-slip response of a stud. The reliability and accuracy of the proposed load-slip equation was verified by the experimental and numerical load-slip curves.

关键词： ultra-high performance concrete studs shear strength FE analysis push-out test

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Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 367-372 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0253-5

摘要： Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

关键词： ultra-high arch dam columnar jointed basalt low-heat cement concrete temperature controlled crack prevention million-kilowatt unit intelligent construction

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Flexural and longitudinal shear performance of precast lightweight steel–ultra-high performance concrete

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 704-721 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0941-6

摘要： In this study, the flexural and longitudinal shear performances of two types of precast lightweight steel–ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) composite beams are investigated, where a cluster UHPC slab (CUS) and a normal UHPC slab (NUS) are connected to a steel beam using headed studs through discontinuous shear pockets and full-length shear pockets, respectively. Results show that the longitudinal shear force of the CUS is greater than that of the NUS, whereas the interfacial slip of the former is smaller. Owing to its better integrity, the CUS exhibits greater flexural stiffness and a higher ultimate bearing capacity than the NUS. To further optimize the design parameters of the CUS, a parametric study is conducted to investigate their effects on the flexural and longitudinal shear performances. The square shear pocket is shown to be more applicable for the CUS, as the optimal spacing between two shear pockets is 650 mm. Moreover, a design method for transverse reinforcement is proposed; the transverse reinforcement is used to withstand the splitting force caused by studs in the shear pocket and prevent the UHPC slab from cracking. According to calculation results, the transverse reinforcement can be canceled when the compressive strength of UHPC is 150 MPa and the volume fraction of steel fiber exceeds 2.0%.

关键词： precast steel–UHPC composite beam flexural performance longitudinal shear performance parametric study transverse reinforcement ratio

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我国高坝建设和科技攻关

陈宗梁

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第12期页码 84-89

摘要：

介绍了我国大坝建设的发展和特点，概括了高坝建设中的地质勘探、坝工技术、泄洪消能、坝基处理和髙边坡处理等方面的科技成果和应用水平，展望了我国高坝发展前景并指出今后高坝科技攻关重点。

关键词：水力发电高坝重力坝拱坝碾压混凝土坝面板堆石坝

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Analysis of arch dam deformations

Franz PERNER, Pius OBERNHUBER,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 102-108 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0012-7

摘要： Predicting “regular” dam deformations for prevailing conditions and comparing them with observed deformations is an essential part of dam surveillance. In many cases prediction and comparison are carried out automatically and an alarm is triggered in the case of larger deviations.The main contributors to the deformations of arch dams are water loading and the fluctuation of concrete temperature. In general, the deformations exhibit an instantaneous elastic part, a time dependent reversible part and an irreversible part. Prediction of dam deformations can be based on deterministic models, purely statistical models or so-called hybrid models, which are a combination of the first two. Deterministic models rely on static analyses, statistical models on the statistical analysis of previous deformation data.For annual reservoirs, both water loading and temperature vary in cycles over a period of one year and it is extremely difficult to identify the various factors contributing to an observed deformation. This is particularly true for time-dependent reversible displacements due to the water loading and the portion caused by temperature variation.The present article deals with the analysis of arch dam deformations based on hybrid models. Particular attention is given to the analysis of the deformations due to temperature fluctuation and to the long-term deformations. The proposed procedure is employed for the analysis of the deformations of the 186 m high Zillergruendl arch dam.

关键词： arch dam analysis Zillergruendl concrete temperature hybrid model

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设周边缝对小湾高拱坝工作性态的影响

杜成斌,任青文

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第9期页码 70-75

摘要：

用非线性有限元对小湾高拱坝（坝高292.0m)设周边缝时的工作性态进行研究。模型中考虑了缝面应力与变位的非线性重调整，考虑了坝体、坝基材料非线性和周边缝接触非线性的耦合，模拟了缝的开裂、滑移等非线性。对设缝深度、范围、以及干缝、湿缝等对高拱坝拱冠、坝踵和坝肩等关键部位的位移场和应力场的影响进行了分析研究，并对设缝前后建基面、坝踵附近的开裂区和屈服区进行分析，研究结果表明，设周边缝可以有效地降低高拱坝坝踵的梁向拉应力，对坝踵附近应力影响较大，坝体其它部位应力和位移变化不大。

关键词：周边缝非线性有限元小湾高拱坝开裂屈服

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Long-term dam safety monitoring of Punt dal Gall arch dam in Switzerland

M. WIELAND, G.F. KIRCHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 76-83 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0144-z

摘要： The 130 m high Punt dal Gall dam is located at the Swiss-Italian border in the South-eastern part of Switzerland and was completed in 1969. The dam is founded on highly folded and partially crushed dolomite and limestone formations. A grout curtain with an area of 120,000 m was provided for controlling seepage. For the monitoring of the dam deformations five inverted pendulums were installed in the dam and three in the rock foundation of the right abutment outside of the dam. For a seasonal water level fluctuation in the reservoir of about 60 m the maximum amplitude of the radial displacement is 25 mm, which includes both the effects of the water load and temperature effects. Furthermore a comprehensive geodetic network was established, 57 joint meters were installed and cracks in the crest gallery are monitored by crack meters. There are also thermometers, piezometers and rocmeters. Springs at the left and right banks of the dam are monitored and chemical analyses of the seepage water and springs are performed regularly. The dam is equipped with strong motion instruments and several near-field earthquakes have been recorded in the past. The paper describes the long-term safety monitoring of this 42 years old arch dam. A short description of the Swiss practice in dam safety monitoring and emergency planning is also given.

关键词： dam safety concept arch dam dam instrumentation dam safety monitoring

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超高性能混凝土中钢纤维-基体界面粘结的研究 Review

邓毓琳, 张祖华, 史才军, 吴泽媚, 张超慧

《工程（英文）》 2023年第22卷第3期页码 215-232 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.019

摘要：

超高性能混凝土（UHPC）是一种相对较新的水泥混凝土复合材料，由于其优异的机械强度和耐久性，在基础设施建设中具有巨大的应用潜力。钢纤维与基体的界面粘结性能是决定UHPC其他力学性能的主要因素，包括抗拉、弯曲、抗压强度和破坏模式（断裂行为）。本文通过讨论并比较多种纤维拉拔测试方法和分析模型，全面综述了UHPC的纤维-基体粘结行为的研究进展；详细确定并讨论了影响纤维-基体粘结的参数，包括纤维的几何形状和方向、表面处理、基体的组成和强度。最后，基于现有研究，对未来UHPC增强方法和测试细节提出了建议。

关键词：超高性能混凝土界面粘结钢纤维拉拔行为

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Key problems and solutions in arch dam heightening

Zuoguang FU, Yunlong HE, Sheng SU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 98-104 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0004-7

摘要： The dam heightening, which is an effective way to increase reservoir volume, has been paid close attention by engineers. Three problems should be dealt with when an arch dam needs to be heightened: stress state getting worse at dam heel, cracking on new added concrete dam surface, and weak bonding between new added concrete and old dam. Taking Geba arch dam as an example, these problems are examined in details through simulation analysis by the finite element method. The tensile stresses on dam’s surface and joint face that have certain relations to the dam heightening can be controlled by some measures.

关键词： arch dam heighten tensile stress finite element method

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探索新强韧化机制开拓超高强度钢新领域

赵振业,李志,刘天琦,朱杰远

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第9期页码 39-42

摘要：

论述了超细化马氏体板条，共格沉淀新强化相（Laves相），M₂C碳化物和残余—逆转变奥氏体向马氏体相变诱发塑性等强韧化机理，用超纯洁熔炼、超均匀化及控制相变等工艺，获得一种低碳-14Cr-12Co-5Mo-Me新型超高强度、高塑性、高韧性不锈钢。

关键词：超高强度不锈钢马氏体板条强韧化机理

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高拱坝施工实时控制系统集成理论与应用

任炳昱,吴斌平

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第12期页码 84-90

摘要：

针对高拱坝施工过程具有很强的复杂性和随机性的特征，提出将系统集成理论应用于高拱坝施工实时控制中，设计了高拱坝施工实时控制系统集成框架，从数据信息集成、应用功能集成、技术方法集成和监控指标集成4个方面详细论述了系统集成的实现过程，并研制开发了网络平台下的高拱坝施工实时控制系统。工程应用实例表明，基于系统集成理论构建的高拱坝施工实时控制系统能对高拱坝施工过程实现动态的集成控制与分析，有效地提高了大坝建设管理水平。

关键词：实时控制系统集成数据集成网络平台高拱坝施工

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一种超高强度钢构件抗疲劳实验研究

赵振业,宋德玉,李向斌,杨树勋,马新闻

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第10期页码 51-55

摘要：

提出了超高强度钢“无应力集中”抗疲劳概念。喷丸、孔挤压、螺纹滚压等表面层组织再造改性造成的残余压应力和高位错密度胞状结构将裂纹推移至亚表面萌生并阻滞其扩展，回复不同应力集中处的疲劳强度至接近钢的固有疲劳强度，形成“无应力集中”表面完整性状态。“无应力集中”抗疲劳概念表述为构件表面形成完整的接近于钢固有疲劳强度的等疲劳强度包络。

关键词：超高强度钢抗疲劳应力集中表面完整性